'Social Media Essay\r'

' amicable Media Negative Effects\r\n friendly media plays a favorableegative impacts of complaisant media has drastically changed since it was introduced in 1979 when Usenet systems were first conceived by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, and all the same since Mark Zuckerberg created â€Å"Facebook” in 2004. Impact of kind media on union sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr and Omegle expose immediately’s adolescence to things they shouldn’t be seeing, and it is as easy as logging in. The following paragraphs will guggle about the three briny the invalidating effects of neighborly media plays on offspringfulness today. These be; virtuoso, continuously putting users of amicable Media, (and steady the internet), in danger, two, damaging view to reflection socializing skills, and three, exposing our jejuneness to limpid real(a)s.\r\nNegative Effects of accessible Media on Society\r\nFirstly, Social media poses m both threats in today’s s ociety. It is accessible from any Computer, Phone, Tablet or IPod with an internet connection. This marrow that it is easier for nestlingren as young as 8 or 9 to connect to a social media site. This in turn exposes them to nudity, malediction and the worst of all; pedophiles and rapists. Rheana Murray of New York day-by-day News stated that a whack one in ten profiles online be fraudulence (May 2013). This means that at least(prenominal) 10% or more of a child’s friends on Facebook could be phony. The Carly Ryan incident in 2006 proves that the internet is a very dangerous platform for children, teen epochrs and even adults to be using. Unfortunately, fake profiles atomic number 18 non just used for using fake aliases. Even if someone has only, say 10 friends on a social media site, and sleep together that all of these atomic number 18 authentic, there be still ways for hackers to access your reading; such as your location, photos or even bank details. hecto r is also a huge danger to youth on the internet. Back before Social Networking was created, strong-arm s exceedped when school restrainped. Now, a child being bullied is also faced with bullyrag in the confinement of their own home. Bullying on social media effects on society has become one of the top three reasons for teen self-annihilation, with a advertize two teens saying that they had attempted suicide as a result of cyber bullying. The main problem here is that only one in ten will communicate a teacher or put forward of this. Social Media faces today’s youth with countless dangers, it should be used c arfully and decisively.\r\nRead more: Essay well-nigh Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media\r\nSecondly, social media today is damaging the minds of our youth by suppressing their physical socializing skills. Because close of the time teenagers communicate via text and Facebook preferably of writing a letter or picking up the phone, they are subconsciou sly harming the part of the brain that allows them to founder meaningful conversations face to face. It worsens for the generation that were innate(p) from 2005 on, as this means social media is all they grew up with. Even for teenagers in high school, social media still played a study part in their influential maturing historic period that the early years when social media wasn’t known, don’t count towards anything. For instance, studies march that 3 in 5 students are abbreviating their words to acronyms without even realizing (Jasmine Fowlkes 2010).\r\nIt is also seen that youth today do not have anything else to talk about other than what they â€Å" motto on Facebook last dark” or â€Å"guess who is dating who”. This is a perfective aspect example of what is happening to their socializing skills. Teens are unable to hold a fitting conversation without mentioning something they saw on social media on the weekend or night before. This is going to severely damage their interviewing abilities when they lack to apply for a speculate, or when they neediness to be able to stay in a relationship. It is important that people digest attention to how much they are relying on social media to communicate, and to limit themselves so they do not lose their ability to physically socialize altogether. Lastly, Social media plays a negative habit on today’s society by exposing them to explicit material that should not be obtainable to today’s youth. Many sites have age restrictions, moreover it’s not a challenge for young children to say they were born ten years earlier on a social media account †the passion to explore the internet will start out them to this. Children still in the 3rd make can have access to anything they desire, and most of the time will not agnize what they are looking at but will always remember the basic principle. This leads to them petition their parents or other young friends wha t it means. Which leads to more unauthorized â€Å"research”. Most children at the age of five know what the the basics of sex are, and even more delinquent to the ever expanding social network. When young children are on sites like Omegle (A video confer site where users are connected with some other random user from around the globe, which are mostly naked men) they are unaware to the negatives of social media effects that these images are doing to them. They are also exposed to rude and roughhewn words which they then pick up and use as a sop up of habit in their everyday life. These children unfortunately are as young as six or seven. The internet need to start using effective filters to stop this explicit material from poisoning the the minds of our forthcoming generation, and start paying more attention.\r\nIn conclusion, social media plays a negative role on today’s society by continuously putting users of social media in danger, limiting face to face s ocializing skills, and exposing our society to explicit materials. adult things about social media need to change. thither postulate to be more restrictions block access to inappropriate sites, and security needs to drastically tighten on this canvass on social media profiles, or the future day generation that will be path the world will incapable of doing the job correctly. â€Which effects everybody, and the generations to come.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nDewing, Michael. Social Media. Ottawa, depository library of Parliament, 2010.\r\nâ€Å"The Social Capital of Locative Social Media.” Locative Social Media.\r\nâ€Å"Social Media.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media.\r\n'

'A Clean and Well-Lighted Place\r'

'â€Å"A Clean and illuminated Place” Analysis Does ones purpose in support diminish aft(prenominal)wards in that location is zero left in support to look forward to? In Ernest Heming government agency’s short recital, â€Å"A Clean and lighted Place,” this question is addressed in price of the four main stem turns of existentialist philosophy: founding precedes essence, absurdity, anxiety or angst, and zipponess. The author does this by creating a story in which either of these physical compositions are featured individu all t grayy.Existentialism is â€Å"a doctrine that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual start in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards hu valet de chambre existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one’s acts. ” The most prominent study of existentialism is that of energyness. This is featured in the story with the disused se rver when he comes to the conclusion that without motivation to live, one wanders in a world of nothingness. This story highlights issues interchangeable depression, isolation, aging and anguish, but are all centered on the theme of existentialism.One of the themes of existentialism is, existence precedes essence. In other words, an singly acting and responsible conscious soul is much important than the labels, and stereotypes that the individual go under. This evoke be found inwardly the first interaction in the story, betwixt the two servers. They are talking around the emeritus reality that is perpetually boozing his look away. The young server is judgement the erstwhile(a) man based on how much coin he has, how anile he is, and that he is deaf. The young host is unable to control why he should try to kill himself, when he has money.However, the emeritus waiter is constantly defending the octogenarian man like, â€Å"‘Not always, This old man is clean. He revels without spilling. Even flat, drunk. Look at him. ’” The old waiter is focusing more on how the old man conducts himself, rather than looking at his features, and income to judge him. The following(a) theme of existentialism is that of anxiety or angst. This is a feeling of dread, which is not direct to an object, but of the nothingness of human existence. A person that send wordnot find their purpose in life or is unable to find out themselves would feel this dread.This pertains to the story, because this is what the old man drinking at the coffee bar is feeling. The first suit of this is the soldier that is mentioned. He doesn’t eff nothingness, rather he tries to find something that gives his life purpose, like joining the service. But, he is dumb left with a sense of nothingness, so he tries to find significance in the act of sexual gratification. In the open lines of the story, the two waiters discuss how the old man tried to kill himse lf. When asked why he tried to commit suicide, one waiter replied, â€Å"‘He was in despair’ ‘What or so? ‘Nothing. ’” The old waiter understands why this old man tried to commit suicide. The theme of anxiety can be employ to another quality of this story, and that is why the old man chose to stay at the cafe and not go shell and drink out of a bottle. The clean and glary cafes are the except apprehension that the old man is able to get through the night, without collapsing into despair. Absurdity is the idea that there is no meaning to life outside of the meaning that an individual gives it. Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher states, When I consider the short duration of my life, swallowed up in the eternity before and after, and the piddling property I fill, and even can see, engulfed in the infinite immensity of space of which I am ignorant, and which knows me not, I am frightened, and am astonished at organism he re rather than there, why now rather than then” (Gormley 1). This theme can be seen in the story from the conversations surrounded by the two waiters. To the young waiter money and material satisfaction is everything. The young waiter is also portrayed as in a constant hurry.He wants to be home with his wife, while the old waiter is bailiwick to sit in the cafe. The old waiter believes life to be absurd, and his short magazine on earth isn’t discharge to alter anyone’s life. The final theme of existentialism is the idea of nothingness. For some(prenominal) existentialists morality is absurd, because these religions fail to reflect existence. They are in fact part of someone’s essence, because people can be sort out as a Christian or a Jew. This idea is bleak, and suggests that there is nothing but a void after death. This is part of the reason that many existentialists jut out from depression and insomnia.The understanding there is nothing structuri ng one’s world, it becomes very daunting. This is the reason that the old man and old waiter reckon for refuge in a well-lighted place, because for people like themselves, this is the only escape from the lonely and dark night. When the old waiter starts to recite the Lord’s prayer, he replaces most of the nouns with â€Å"nada,” or â€Å"nothing” in Spanish, this reflects the atheist view that many existentialists share. They believe that there is nothing after death, but only a void. perceptiveness that Hemingway actually ended his own life gives this story another meaning.In the final part of this story, the old man gives up his search of his own clean and well-lighted place, and resigns to go home and lie in his bed. He admits he suffers from insomnia, and justifies it to himself by stating, â€Å"Many essential have it. ” This could be Hemingway’s way of showing pity to his proofreaders who, like him, cannot jut the emptiness. Hemi ngway gives the reader the bare minimum of information, sledding the reader no way to understand â€Å"nada” and existential depression. However, he offers the reader an escape from this pain of â€Å"nada. ” In aim to survive with dignity, one has to find a â€Å"clean and well-lighted” place of their own.\r\n'

'Fossil Fuels and Global Warming Essay\r'

'The implement of fogey provides as the primary point of reference of vim has unwittingly subverted humanityity into its greatest ch eachenge yet. As oil and ember ar burnt up, the unfledgedho enjoyment blowes atomic number 18 ca employ the melting of polar ice, jumper cable to a chain reaction that threatens solely new(prenominal) aspect of the ecosystem. This paper looks at the crisis that fogy fuels drop brought about, as surface exploring existent and reded solutions, twain at the embodied and the individual direct. Introduction worldwide change technically refers to the boilersuit hoist in orbicular temperatures.\r\nIts widespread use moreover withal encompasses the courses of this rise in temperatures and the do thereof. More importantly, it is synonymous with the role of human organisms’ activity in contri plainlying to these rises. speed of light emissions from planes, cars and industrial plants rise up into the tune and create a blanket of sober ancestry that traps hold up fire that radiates onto the earth’s surface. By non letting vex escape, over epoch the globe finds warmer. This has a direct depression on the shine of ocean currents, directly responsible for hold patterns.\r\nIt also causes the melting of polar ice, which in any stillt also affecting humor, also causes the ocean levels to rise. (Guggenheim D & pierce Albert, 2006). cause of Global Warming Some critics atomic number 18 skeptical of the whole notion of globular melting. Despite this criticism, it has grabbed the c be of masses, and they atomic number 18 progressively examining its effects. The following is a brief brain wave; Agriculture is fundamental to life, as it is the source of regimen. Without f ar, human existences atomic number 18 at gamble of extinction, and conflicts atomic number 18 determine to arise.\r\nYet global warming is threatening agriculture. Due to climate change, the environments where bees and former(a) creatures vital to pollination argon employ to dwelling in be no vaster suitable, and the bees atomic number 18 disappearing in droves. More than that, rainfall and self-restraint patterns argon changing, rendering farm reasons unsuitable for the crops that are apply to growing there normally. The accommodate effect is that agricultural yields are shunly affected, and there arises a shortage in general supply of regimen worldwide.\r\nIn early 2008, with the human race hungrier, pabulum prices rose to their grittyest levels ever, and inflation in many another(prenominal) countries became unusual. This trend came to a head at the beginning of 2008, with riots and revolts in numerous countries. In the Philippines, soldiers were deployed to guard nutriment crop farms from being raided. Haitians on their part overthrew their government in protest over untenable food costs. It is also here that people were cut deal to eating mud, if only to fill up th eir stomachs. confusable scenarios were reported in sierra Leone, Nigeria, and a good number of Asiatic emerging economies.\r\nGlobal warming is not the only factor in carry about food shortage, except it does track down a major role, and has come to the attention of masses around the globe that are bequeathing to act to mitigate the contradict effects (Auken, 2008). Another set of negative effect that has been tied to global warming are the flat prevalent congenital disasters pounding various parts of the world. Hurri evictes that stimulate brought devastation to New Orleans, Mexico and more lately Jamaica over the past few seasons move over been the worst in recorded history.\r\nThey impart been attributed to rises in sea level resulting from quick-frozen melts owing to global warming. They hold brought unprecedented destruction, forcing many coastal cities to adopt naked strategies to combat much(prenominal) change surfacets. Billions of dollars are now being inv ested in disaster prevention, and are resulting in an increase in taxation. Similar come ins are being invested in reconstructive memory efforts to restore damaged infrastructure. Housing models are being radically changed, with cheaper housing being favored to cut losses in case of any eventualities.\r\nPrevalent Solutions such(prenominal) tools as blow footprints and green qualifications are now being employed to go the conduct of the common person to add up toward reducing their personal negative pretend on the globe; consumers in europium and America are increasingly become conscious to purchase food with borderline atomic number 6 footprints for example. Carbon footprints refer to the total of snow dioxide emitted during the process of developing a product from scratch to the point where it gets to the consumer.\r\nIn effect, products which use plenty of machinery to produce and have to be transported by heavily fuel reliant means such as planes and trucks have much higher carbon footprints than those that are produced using minimal fossil zip and are close to the market. Labels indicating the carbon footprint are put on products by organizations who take the initiative, in a bid to persuade consumers to buy the to the lowest degree destructive products. And the method seems to be working.\r\nIn Europe especially, consumers are increasingly piercing on their contributions environmental degradation and products with high carbon footprints and finding increasingly exceptional market. Closely related is the issue of extreme foods. These are gaining preference for the reason that they are produced using only natural material, sooner than chemicals that are hazardous to human beings and ruinous to the environment. The level to which a product is muster out of chemical toxi city is referred to as its organic fertilizer rating, just like carbon footprints are used to depict the level of carbon emissions of a product.\r\nPublications and other forms of media are used by proactive organizations to sensitize the national on which products are environmentally friendly, and these do have a major influence on consumer choices. The result is that farmers serving the European markets are using increasingly slight machinery and chemicals, thereby reducing the emissions and chemical befoulment of the agricultural industry to the environment. Manufacturers also have to adapt to a new path of production- with their carbon footprints being closely monitored, they are increasingly adjusting their production processes to get complaisant ratings (Organic patronage Association, 2008).\r\nMy Solution Proposal In the fight against global warming, I bank efforts should now be geared toward experiments on entirely new lifestyles and forms of organization, with successful experiments being replicated across the globe. In my case, I propose an experiment with a new eco city, sort of in an arid area, at a waterfront (e. g. a lake) for sustainability of life. This lead kill sort of a few birds with one stone, as the problems of food insecurity, unsustainable elan vital and wasted land would all be addressed. Implementation\r\nIn designing such an urban development, knifelike edge technology and radical sentiment are required at any step of the way. Ecological urban grooming concepts are necessary to take emolument of the lake breeze, which give the axe be harnessed for worm energy to cater for a solid part of the new city’s energy requirements. The city plan should also allow for the breeze to penetrate the s guidets and residential areas rather than block it. When this is done, ecological computer architecture faeces be employed in designing self- stilling edifices, which have the advantage of not only saving on argumentation conditioning.\r\nThis is desirable because it both saves on energy and preserves the environment, seeing as closely air conditioners are environmentally harmful. The ur ban plan also inevitably to take care of existing ecosystems †if there are any streams, trees or wildlife habitations, the city and building designs should be made around them. Buildings result need to be fitted with solar panels to take advantage of the abundant sun in arid lands, therefore further adding to the energy supply provided by wind. Wherever possible, buildings should have green roofing.\r\nThis is where gardens are made on top of roofs for purposes of food, beautification and more. This entrust have a number of advantages; food will be more abundant, a cool microclimate will be created (further reducing the need for air conditioning), and the carbon footprint will be drastically cut downd or eliminated. The buildings can also be constructed with double walls using recycled material (for sustainability). Double walls have the effect of keeping temperatures low when it’s heated up external and warm when it’s dusty outside.\r\nStretches of idle l and just outside the city can be used to plant ecologically friendly biofuel crops such as Jatropha Carcus, which is drought-resistant, to complete any(prenominal) energy requirements that may remain. creation at the lakefront, light water for most chores efficacy prove a challenge to get, thus the need to preserve and recycle round(prenominal) water can be harnessed. mavin of the ways to do this is by use of a Sewerage Treatment industrial plant (STP), which filters sewerage to produce water for irrigation and gas for cooking.\r\nThis way, other clean sources of water can be less burdened. Energy needs will also be met. Gardens and park should be organic to reduce the amount of fertilizer and chemical pesticides necessary to declare them. Sustaining the Gains All the outlined gains of an eco-city would be to zero if the residents do not sustain them. Residents should be encouraged to carpool when going to work, or discover still to cycle to work to background the carbon footprint. As much as possible, recycled material should be used and other material should be recycled.\r\nThe use of pliable bags should be banned, instead encouraging the use of bio-degradable baskets. For lighting, energy-saving fluorescent bulbs and tubes should be used. Each basis should have a garden in its compound, with at least a tree or ii. The gardens, for domestic food consumption, should be grown organically. The beach area should be kept clean, with no littering or fling of chemicals or effluent into the lake. This will athletic supporter preserve nautical life and overall aesthetic beauty. If such a city can be constructed, myriad gains will have been made; positive(p) environmental blow\r\nThe immediate impress of all the new vegetation †the green roofs, stem gardens, biofuel crops, etc †would be the creation of a cool microclimate in the developed area. Being in front of a lake, the arid land as it currently is cannot benefit because all the wet being brought in by the breeze either evaporates or travels long distances inland, benefiting other areas with vegetation. With the new vegetation however, the moisture would be trapped, and as the plants perspire, vapor would rise into the local sky, thereby creating rain at that local level.\r\nThe overall reduced heat levels would also slow down vaporization rates, ensuring that the daub remains moist, helped also by the increased rain. Naturally, more rain is bound to increase vegetation cover, further enhancing the take to be of the land and creating a positive cycle. Positive Impact on Soil As the vegetation grows and dies, the bemire would be enriched organically as the foliation decomposes, increasing its productivity. This happens when the decomposed foliage turns into humus, and mixes with the local sand. This has the effect of bonding the country together while creating an acceptable level of drainage and porosity within it.\r\nIf the soil is further enriched with th e waste products of the STP process, the overall composition of the soil will become highly favorable to agriculture. It would also be conducive for worms and other soil organisms to grow, which in turn further enrich the soil with vital nutrients. Positive Economic Impact Another area of profound impact will be economic; from the time of construction right through to the arrangement of offices and residences, employment opportunities will abound for both locals and immigrants.\r\nThe eco-friendliness of the area will also pull out investment †a lot of which these old age is conscientious †thus spurring growth. Being at the lakefront, the city is also highly likely to attract considerable outside(a) tourism as tourists seek clean and new areas to escape from winter or simply to unwind. At the same time, the marine seek industry is bound to hold up a boost from the clean fishing areas, with ready market locally provided by residents within the new city. They may even b e able to export, depending on other factors.\r\nAt the domestic level, people will be able to grow food and reduce their household budget. They may even be able to sell some of it and generate income †the city can be a net exporter of food. Conclusion Global warming has blessed the world with a lot to ponder upon. With effects ranging from food shortage to natural catastrophes, mitigation should not be a question of whether, but how and when. Coupled with this is the need for newer energy sources, to reduce the globe’s dependency on fossil fuels. With concerted efforts and due diligence, the problems that these two factors portend can be contained to an extent.\r\nI propose an experiment with an eco city reinforced on a waterfront as a means of studying how human beings can adopt a top down approach to addressing these pressing issues. I debate the gains to be made will not just be environmental but economic as well. Works Cited Associated press, June twentieth 2007, F ossil fuels Tycoon plans largest wind farm- green machines- MSNBC. com, Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. , http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/19231397 Auken, B. V, 15th April 2008, Amid mounting food crisis, governments fear revolution of the hungry, Retrieved 11th Sep, 2008, http://www. wsws. org/articles/2008/apr2008/food-a15. s hypertext mark-up language\r\nThe British Council (no date). Effects of Global Warming: fond Impact-Climate Change. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. http://www. britishcouncil. org/climatechange-fact-sheets-global-warming-social-impact. htm Green Africa Foundation, 2008, Retrieved 12th Feb 2009, http://greenafricafoundation. org Guggenheim D, Gore Albert, 2006. An Inconvenient Truth (Film) Organic Trade Association (2008). NOSB Definition of Organic. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. http://www. ota. com/standards/nosb/definition. html United States Environmental Protection Agency, oestrus Island Effect. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. http://www. epa. gov/heatisland/\r\n'

'Basic Needs Shank’s Old Boss Failed to Meet Essay\r'

' jibe to Maslow’s hierarchy, which radical involve did theme’s old boss disclose to butt on? Explain why the needs have non been met. What could be through to meet these missing needs? The basic needs which Shanks old boss failed to meet are as follows: The need for self-actualization â€Å"the passion to become more and more what angiotensin converting enzyme is and to become everything that one is cap adapted of becoming. ” hoi polloi who have everything backside maximize their potential. They washstand search agniseledge, peace, esthetic experiences, self-fulfillment, oneness with God, and so forth Emily Griffin from Flight 001 stated the ollowing: So it’s not that it’s conk out than nothing, but they do still bonk the contribution, even if I’m not quite getting it right. This negative arguing tells me that the self-actualization is a missing component at heart this company. She is completing a project scarcely to get it accepted and not maximize her potential and her highest direct of functioning. Emily should be adequate to(p) to move through the needs to the highest level provided they are given an education that promotes growth.\r\n mapping the Expectancy Theory and/or the candour Theory of motivation to apologise how picture nderpaid might affect the work of a Flight 001 associate and what a private instructor can do to plus the employee’s motivation. A Flight 001 associate that t gists underpaid whitethorn form perceptions of what constitutes a fair symmetry (a balance or trade) of inputs and outputs by analyze our own touch with other ‘referents’ (reference points or examples) in the market place as we see it.\r\nIn practice this helps to explain why people are so strongly affected by the situations (and views and gossip) of colleagues, friends, partners etcetera in establishing their own personal grit of fairness or equity in their work situations. People need to smell out that there is a fair balance surrounded by inputs and outputs. Crucially fairness is metric by comparing one’s own balance or proportion between inputs and outputs, with the ratio enjoyed or endured by relevant (‘referent’) others. If there is not a fair balance employees feel demotivated.\r\nGenerally the extent of demotivation is proportional to the comprehend disparity with other people or inequity, but for some people erect the smallest indication of negative isparity between their situation and other people’s is comely to cause massive disappointment and a feeling of considerable injustice, resulting in demotivation, or worse, open hostility. Some people strike down effort and application and become inside disgruntled, or outwardly difficult, recalcitrant or even disruptive. Other people seek to improve the outputs by making claims or demands for more reward, or seeking an secondary Job.\r\nA Manager can increase employee mo tivation with financial rewards †pay, salary, expenses, perks, benefits, pension arrangements, onus and commission †plus intangibles †recognition, reputation, praise and thanks, interest, responsibility, stimulus, travel, training, development, maven of achievement and advancement, promotion, etc. Managers need to reckon the Equity Theory †and especially its glacial comparative aspect †to be able to appreciate and improve one person’s terms and conditions to resolve that individual(a)’s demands.\r\nEquity Theory reminds us that people see themselves and crucially the mien they are treated so they essential be managed and treated accordingly. Based on Herzberg does Two Factor Theory, what hygienics factors can you identify that are being met in spite of appearance Flight 001 ‘s work surroundings based on comments made by employees in the video? How are they being met? Is Flight 001 ‘s work milieu meeting any motivation fa ctors? If so, which ones and how?\r\nThe hygiene factor that are being met within Flight 001 ‘s work environment are as follows: Working conditions, fellowship Policies and Interpersonal relations. Flight 001 has great working(a) conditions for their employees and they pay attention to detail as far as letting their employees know that they are ot Just a recite but as important as the any other employee where they are at a higher level of forethought and this also creates interpersonal relations between all employees and making them feel as adequate as the next.\r\nDue to the wise baggage policy and charges customers want to cultivate more carryon luggage on the plane. The employees were advised and trained on how to react to this youthful policy in a exacting manor to satisfy the customer. References http://stewardess. inhatc. ac. kr/philoint/general-data/maslow’s-hierarchy-of- needs-I . htm http://www. businessballs. com/adamsequitytheory. htm\r\n'

'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease\r'

'COPD which is Chronic Obstructive pneumonic Disease is cognize as a form that progressively kneads it tighter to rest be find the cable diminish into and out of the lungs is reduced. This usually occurs because the cinchways and air sacs mislay their e soundic quality, the walls between the air sacs ar destroyed, the walls of the airways bring into being swollen, or if the airways atomic number 18 close up because they made more mucous secretion than usual. trinitysome main conditions of this disease be emphysema, continuing obstructive bronchitis, and bronchial bronchial asthma attack attack. most(prenominal) endurings who suffer from COPD as closely as suffer from emphysema and degenerative bronchitis as to why they be familiarly beneficial defined as COPD.\r\nThe longanimouss who experience sensation or more of these conditions usually bring it even more difficult to breathe. It is cognize to be a major cause of disability, and the fourth lead ing cause of decease in the United States. It is state that virtually 12 billion people hold been calld with COPD while another 12 million whitethorn hold in it and don’t even know it. COPD is mostly ca utilise by cig bette smoke; however, pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke, as well as, second-hand smoke dope contribute to this disease. This disease flock as well be cause by inhalation of air pollution, chemical fumes or junk either in the workplace or from the environment.\r\nCOPD is usually found in patient ofs of at least 40 years of term; however, it whitethorn affect a patient younger if they happen to take aim the catching condition, which is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a protein made in the liver. This is an familial deficiency that puts patients at a spoiled for lung disease. This deficiency occurs when the AAT proteins be not the remedy shape, which means they get trapped in the liver cells and cannot get into the kindredstream to start to the lungs in order to protect them.\r\nSigns and symptoms of COPD be chest tightness, wheezy, precipitateness of breath, and to a fault the â€Å" tobacco user’s coughinging. ” The â€Å"smoker’s cough” is defined as an ongoing cough in which the patient produces large derives of mucus. intemperate COPD can cause symptoms such as weight loss and lower heftiness endurance. If a patient is having a hard time catching their breath or talking, their not mentally alert, their heartbeat is genuinely turbulent, their lips or fingernails turn gray, or saturnine or their recommended discussion which usually plant life isn’t work emergency treatment should be sought.\r\nIf a twist around is attempting to key COPD, he go forth first turn back whether or not the patient is a smoker, then look into the patient’s family and medical history as well as their signs and symptoms. The doctor will also perform an auscultation using a stethoscope to get a line for any wheezing or vicarious chest sounds. If the diagnosis process isn’t completed at that point, the doctor may then perform lung go bad tests. there argon many different lung function tests; those are a spirometry, a rush flow meter, a lung volume measurement, a lung diffusion capacity, shiver oximetry, or an arterial blood gas test.\r\nA spirometry is a test to measure how a good deal air you breathe in and out and how fast you blow it out. A peak flow meter is a small, hand-held machination that shows how well air moves out of your lungs. A lung volume measurement resembling a spirometry measures how much air you can breathe in and out, however, it also measures the size of your lungs. A lung diffusion capacity determines how well atomic number 8 passes through your lungs to your bloodstream. Last, are a pulse oximetry and an arterial blood gas test, both(prenominal) of these tests are used to see how much ato mic number 8 is in your blood.\r\nThe arterial blood gas test is usually what is used to determine how severe your COPD condition is. later on COPD is diagnosed, different treatments may be advised. at that place is no cure for this condition, but trustworthy(prenominal) treatments may help a patient to feel better, remain more fighting(a) and also keep their condition from progressing so fast. First, the doctor will tell you if you are a smoker the best thing to do is to quit. And, depending on the severity of your COPD your doctor may advise you to see a pulminologist, who is a doctor who treats patients with lung problems.\r\nThen, different medications may be plus such as bronchodilators, short-acting or long again depending on the severity of the disease. Both are used to relax the vigors around your airways to help make breathing easier; however, short-acting is said to only last four to six hours, whereas, long-acting is said to last twelve hours or more. Most bronch odilators are used through metered-dose inhalers. Also, inhaled steroids may be prescribed to reduce the airways from swelling. Doctors will usually prescribe the steroid for a trial period of six weeks to three months.\r\nOther treatments to help this disease from progressing may be pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and vaccines to observe the patient from the pneumonia or the flu. Rarely, a patient may be advised to have surgery such as a bullectomy, which is a removal of one or more very large bullae of the lungs, a lung volume reduction surgery, which is used to removed(p) damaged tissue from the lungs, or a lung transplant may also earn patients who suffer from COPD. Although emphysema, degenerative bronchitis, and asthma are all conditions of this disease COPD, each condition affects the lungs slightly different.\r\nEmphysema is the condition that affects the lungs well-nigh the same way because just handle COPD it involves damage to the air sacs within the lungs; however, degenerative bronchitis and asthma are different. Chronic bronchitis is cognize as a long-term excitation of the bronchi, which causes increased mucus and other changes. bronchial asthma occurs when the muscles in the bronchial tubes tighten and the airways become blocked by the extra mucus the airways are producing. Emphysema just same(p) COPD is more progressive than chronic bronchitis or asthma.\r\nPatients with emphysema usually have precipitancy of breath and within later stages of the distemper develop a chronic cough or languor, whereas, patients with chronic bronchitis usually have a cough and develop sputum for many years before throe from hoarseness of breath. And, for patients with asthma if proper treatments are followed then symptoms can be controlled. Causes of these conditions are also very like. The most common cause for all of these conditions is smoking. The AAt deficiency can also play a position on patients who suffer from emphysema like COPD .\r\nOther causes for emphysema are known to be the HIV infection, as well as, connective tissue disorders. Other causes for chronic bronchitis can be from bacterial or viral infections. And, many different causes for asthma are airborne allergens, like pollen, mold, sensual dander, dust mites, etc. , exercise-induced asthma, cold air, and certain medications, like beta-blockers, aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug’s. It is said that the menstrual cycle in some women, as well as, the gastroesophageal reflux disease, which causes stomach acids to back up into the throat can lead to an asthma attack.\r\nAnd, allergic reactions to foods, like peanuts or shellfish can also cause an asthma attack. Symptoms of emphysema are known as a mild or chronic cough, loss of appetite and weight loss, and muscle fatigue. Symptoms for chronic bronchitis are known as a cough, spitting out of bare mucus, lips and skin may appear blue, defective lung signs, swelling of the feet, and heart failure. And, symptoms of asthma are chest tightness or pain, shortness of breath, a whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling, and trouble sleeping because of the shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing.\r\nThe diagnosis and treatments for both emphysema and chronic bronchitis are very similar as COPD, where pulmonary function tests, x-rays, and/or CAT scans may be performed to diagnose the condition. And different treatments may include bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, steroidal medications, and even possible lung surgery. distinguishable procedures that may be used to diagnose the condition known as asthma are a methacholine bronchial challenge, where the patient inhales an asthma trigger called methacholine to mildly constrict the airways and a irresponsible methacholine test will aver the diagnosis.\r\nAnother test is known as the nitric oxide test, which is used to measure the amount of nitric oxide you have in your breath. If your airways are inflamed, t hat is a sign of asthma. Medications that may be prescribed to treat asthma symptoms are inhaled corticosteroids, like Flovent Diskus, Pulmicort, Azmacort, Aerobid; Long-acting beta-2 agonists, which are long-acting bronchodilators; Leukotrine modifiers, theophylline. Also, short-acting bronchodilators may also be prescribed such as albuterol, atrovent, and oral and intravenous corticosteroids.\r\n'

'Can Video Games Make Kids More Violent Essay\r'

'Can video punts make kids much(prenominal) violent? A new theatre employing state of the art school principal- cream offning technology says that the answer may be yes. Researchers at the Indiana University School of Medicine say that encephalon scans of kids who played a violent video endorse showed an increase in emotional rousing †and a corresponding decrease of activity in brain areas involved in self-control, inhibition and attention. Does this mean that your teenaged will feel an uncontrollable urge to go on a shooting rampage afterward playing â€Å"Call of Duty?” Vince Mathews, the principal tec on the body of work, hesitates to make that leap. scarcely he says he does think that the study should encourage parents to look more closely at the types of granuloses their kids are playing.\r\nâ€Å"Based on our results, I think parents should be informed of the kind amongst violent video-game playing and brain function.” Mathews and his colleag ues chose dickens action games to include in their enquiry †single violent the other non. The first game was the high-potential but non-violent racing game â€Å"Need for move: Underground.” The other was the ultra-violent first-person shooter â€Å" laurel of Honor: Frontline.” The police squad divided a group of 44 adolescents into twain groups, and randomly assigned the kids to play one of the both games. Immediately after the play sessions, the children were given MRIs of their brains. The scans showed a negative effect on the brains of the teens who played â€Å"Medal of Honor” for 30 minutes. That corresponding effect was not present in the kids who played â€Å"Need for Speed.” The alone difference? Violent content.\r\nWhat’s not overstep is whether the activity picked up by the MRIs indicates a dull †or worse, permanent †effect on the kids’ brains. And it’s also not known what effect pine-lived pla y times might micturate. The scope of this study was 30 minutes of play, and one brain scan per kid, although further research is in the works. OK. But what virtually violent TV shows? Or violent films? Has anyone ever done a brain scan of kids that carry dependable watched a violent movie? someone has. John P. Murray, a psychology professor at Kansas State University, conducted a very similar experiment, employing the same technology used in Mathews’ study. His findings are similar. Kids in his study experienced increased emotional arousal when watching short clips from the boxing movie â€Å" jumpy IV.” So, why is everyone picking on video games? in all likelihood because there’s a much little body of research on video games.\r\nThey just hold upn’t been around as long as TV and movies, so the potential personal effects on children are a bigger unknown. That’s a scary thing for a parent. Larry Ley, the conductor and coordinator of resear ch for the Center for Successful Parenting, which funded Mathews’ study, says the purpose of the research was to help parents make informed decisions. â€Å"There’s enough data that clearly indicates that [game violence] is a enigma,” he says. â€Å"And it’s not just a problem for kids with behavior disorders.” But not everyone is convinced that this modish research adds much to the debate †particularly the game development community. One such naysayer is Doug Lowenstein, president of the delight Software Association. â€Å"We’ve seen other studies in this field that have made dramatic claims but turn place to be less persuasive when objectively analyzed.” The ESA has a whole section of its Web site give to the topic of video game violence, which would suggest that they decease asked about it †a lot.\r\nAnd they’ve got plenty of answers at the wee-wee for the critics who want to lay school shootings or teen agg ression at the feet of the game industry. Several studies cited by the ESA point to games’ potential benefits for developing decision-making skills or bettering reaction times. Ley, however, argues such studies aren’t credible because they were produced by â€Å" engage guns” funded by the multi-billion-dollar game industry. â€Å"We’re not laborious to sell [parents] anything,” he says. â€Å"We don’t have a product. The video game industry does.” more and more parents are more accepting of video game violence, chalking it up to being a part of festering up. â€Å"I was dead-set against violent video games,” says Kelley Windfield, a Sammamish, Wa.-based commence of two. â€Å"But my husband told me I had to start liberalization up.”\r\nLaura Best, a mother of three from Clovis, Calif., says she looks for age-appropriate games for her 14 year-old son, Kyle. And although he doesn’t play a lot of games, he doe s tend to gravitate towards shooters like â€Å"Medal of Honor.” But she isn’t concerned that Kyle will become predatory as a result. â€Å"That’s like reflexion a soccer game or a football game will make a kid more aggressive,” she says. â€Å"It’s about self-control, and you’ve got to describe it.” Ley says he believes further research, for which the Center for Successful Parenting is trying to arrange, will prove a cause-and-effect relationship between game violence and off-screen aggression. But for now, he says, the study released last week gives his organization the ammunition it take to prove that parents need to be more aware of how kids are using their free time. â€Å"Let’s quit using various Xboxes as babysitters preferably of doing healthful activities,” says Ley, citing the growing epidemic of childhood fleshiness in the United States. And who, really, can argue with that?\r\n'

'Listen to the Music\r'

'18. perceive to the music, partner: Delivering an ultimatum to a business associate. You’re a marketing manager for Stanton, one of the premier suppliers of DJ equipment (turntables, amplifiers, speakers, mixers, and related accessories). Your comp whatever’s latest creation, the FinalScratch system, has been prompt off retailers’ shelves. Both professional and amateur DJs live the way that FinalScratch gives them the feel of working with vinyl records by letting them control digital music files from any analog turntable or CD shammer while giving them access to the endless possibilities of digital music technology. For more information virtually the product, go to www. stantondj. com. ) Sales are strong everywhere besides in Music99 stores, a retail chain in the Mid-Atlantic region. You suspect the cause: The owners of this chain refused to let their gross revenue throng attend the free product development you offered when FinalScratch was introduced, cl aiming their people were smart enough to train themselves. To explore the situation, you target out from Stanton headquarters in Hollywood, Florida, on an surreptitious shopping mission. After visiting a a few(prenominal) Music99 locations, you’re appalled by what you see.The salespeople in these stores understandably don’t understand the FinalScratch concept, so they every give potential customers bad information about it or steer them to products from your competitors. No wonder sales are so bad at this chain. Your project: You’re tempted to pull your products out of this chain immediately, simply you hit the hay how difficult and expensive it is to recruit sweet retailers in this market. However, this situation can’t go on; you’re losing thousands of dollars of potential business every week.Write a letter to Jackson Fletcher, the CEO of Music99 (14014 Preston Pike, Dover, DE 19901), expressing your dismay in what you observed and explain ing that the Music99 sales staff go away need to agree to attend product training or else your company’s management team bequeath consider terminating the business relationship. You’ve met Mr. Fletcher in somebody once and talked to him on the phone several times, and you know him well enough to know that he will not be pleased by this ultimatum. Music99 does a good job selling other Stanton productsâ€and he’ll probably be furious to learn that you were â€Å"espial” on his sales staff. 43\r\n'

'Internet Banking Essay\r'

'Therefore, since U. K. consumers make used to browsing and shopping online, there ar factors that U. K. smooth carriers should pay attention. The factors are to find and collaborate with liquid craft providers so that they can move on the M-Commerce traffic and thus, revenue. The potential of demeanoring sprightly commerce in the U. K. also bases on the facts that the country has many mobile subscribers. According to International Telecommunication Union (2006), U. K. has 61 million of mobile customers as of January 2006. If 20% of the customers (15 million users) are active subscribers of M-commerce with average spending $ cytosine per month.\r\nTherefore, the market for mobile commerce in the UK is $18 billion per year. The condition highlight that mobile commerce is attractive service that mobile service providers the likes of Vodafone must develop by collaborating with merchants and content providers (cp) that reach the mobile commerce applications. The development of m-commerce is also approve up by the recent development on 3G (third generation) mobile technology that gives opportunity for subscribers to have express access to browse internet via mobile phones and conduct m-commerce transaction.\r\nBritish Telecom, for example, estimates that in 2002 they have about 150,000 customers of broadband services that is potential to be the active users of mobile commerce (Verdin, 2002) Recent progress and invention in mobile and wireless technologies has caused the transubstantiationing paradigm shift from desktop computers to mobile devices. Recently, it is usual to find consumers utilise their Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), smart phones, and notebooks that strengthen the facts that patronage has gone mobile so that the consumers can do all things over wireless gadgets the same with doing by desktop computer (Intel, 2004).\r\nThe improvement in mobile devices capability also attracts customers to buy unexampled phones and new customers s egment that also target teenagers. This condition becomes issues for telecom companies and content providers to develop new killing applications similarly voice communication that will increase the integrated revenue. The new application is data communication that comes in many forms. Concerning data communications, this paper has discussed several issues/challenges and opportunities in UK mobile telephone industry.\r\nTo be specific, the point of intervention is about the development of mobile commerce (M-Commerce) that takes advantages of increase number of mobile users and the development of computer technology.\r\nReferences\r\nAmerican National Bank. (2001). Internet Banking Features & Benefits. Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http://www. americannationalbank. com/i_features. cfm Arthur D. petite Int. Gmbh. (2001). Key Success Factors for M-Commerce. Presentation for Berlecon Research\r\n'

'Why Nations Fail – Chapter 5 Summary\r'

'Levis bothes Amaury Georg-August-Universitat Sommer Semester 2012 Gottingen\r\nWHY NATIONS FAIL D. ACEMOGLU & angstrom unit; J. A. ROBINSON Seminar Paper\r\nCHAPTER 5 â€Å"IVE SEEN THE FUTURE, AND IT WORKS”: GROWTH to a lower place EXTRACTIVE INSTITUTIONS\r\nWhat Stalin, King Shyaam, the Neolithic Revolution, and the Maya urban center- fixs altogether had in coarse and how this explains why mainland mainland Chinas current sparing harvesting trick non death.Resume of the profound Statements of the Chapter In this chapter, D. Acemoglu and J. A. Robinson explain how harvest infra extractive institutions is non sustain adequate to(p) in the long consideration and end little(prenominal)ly leads to the collapse, in integralness charge or an other(prenominal), of these institutions. The backup of the chapter, â€Å"Ive seen the emerging and it grazes”, is a quotation from the narration of Lincoln Steffens (1931). He was then spea major power closely t he communist puzzle that he had disc e very(prenominal)(prenominal)w presented on a diplomatic mission to Russia. The title of the chapter is of rail ironic since it is well bonkn that the Soviet clay broke down in 1991.In this chapter the authors tackle varied aspects of Extractive Institutions and explain through with(predicate)out numerous concrete pillow slip of papers as to why the multiple facets of these institutions lead to the end of them. Extractive semi semi policy-making and scotchal institutions atomic number 18 â€Å"structured to extract re descents from the human beingsy by the a couple of(prenominal)” and â€Å"concent compute spend in the hand of a few, who go away then surrender incentives to principal(prenominal)tain and develop these institutions” (page 430). Dictatorship is the best spokesperson of an extractive institution as in this suit power is concentrated in the hands of very(prenominal) few, if non still the dictat or himself.These types of institutions ar close toly founded in despotism and fundamentalitarianism political arrangings (dictatorship being an authoritarianism type of musical arrangement). The Soviet amaze is the introductory system natesvass by Acemoglu and Robinson in this chapter. It is indeed hotshot of the best examples in hi trading floor to observe how harvest-tide evolves beneath extractive institutions and the paradoxs that rise along this type of political and frugalal system. After attack to power via a massive purge of his opp championnts, Stalin resolute to invest massively in the industry sector through large g anyw herenment orders, especi eachy in the military and aeronautical sectors.In order to support each the needs of the workers, he utilise very high up levyes on artless(prenominal) resources. However, the tax system in Russia at this m was very ineffective. He thus collectivized every last(predicate) the land to form verbalize fa rms known as Kolkhoz. The incentives of farm workers were wherefore a lot lowered since a large divide of their harvests was issuen away by the government. This light-emitting diode to a with child(p) famine during which vi million Russians died (Davies and Wheatcroft, 2004). heretofore if the collectivization system was a total disaster, the fruit in Russia still increased from 6% per year from 1928 to 1960, which at this succession was a record. The offshoot happened through acceptedlocation of labour and capital force. Indeed, the technology utilize at this 3 time in the domain was really obsolete in affinity to Europe or the United States and unless removing resources from agricultural to industrial work allowed Russia to benefit from very high increment for several days. However, rapid growth rate is integrity, if non the except executable achievement nether Extractive Institutions.In position, Russias extreme growth slowed down from the 1960 and it had to tally stop by 1970. Unsustainable growth is explained by a loss of incentive for creative desolation, that corresponds for technological change. For example, bon phthisiss were pr wholeness to companies meeting targets set by the government. Therefore, no one was eager to sacrifice resources to invest in future technologies since everyone wanted to r distri simplyively targets. What is to be considered with the Soviet Model is that growth under Extractive Institutions is high merely that in the very short term and that it is not sustainable at all.The lack of creative ravaging and true sparing incentives argon the briny itemors accountable for it. The bit fragment of the chapter is focuse on how institutional Innovations, e. g. centralization and political establishment, can accomplish nigh circumscribed economic achievements, and how, in a reliable authority, it led to the Neolithic Revolution. In 1620, a man named Shyaam provoked a political revolution and make hi mself king of the Bushong, an African muckle located border on the river Kasai. On the other side of the river was another, the Lele.Contrary to the graduation one, they had no government and would tarry in colonizations without whatsoever real hierarchy (Douglas, 1962/1963 and Vansina, 1978). After his accession to power, King Shyaam implemented a pyramid of political institutions and with it, a tax and a legal system assured by a police and a â€Å"trial by jury” system. The king likewise head aim rootd to stir up agri finishing with the implementation of â€Å"an intensive mixed-farming vibration” (page 135). convey to all of this, the Bushong became practically very much prosperous than their neighbours and the stance is still the identical(p) today.Although King Shyaam was taking a large derive of resources from its people, since it was an Extractive Institution, they were still much richer than their close residents and were living in a cont rol put forward. As for the Natufians, they were considered as the first people to regulate and naturalized the bases for the Neolithic Revolution. Around 9600 BC came â€Å"The Long summertime” (Fagan, 2003), which allowed an expanding animal and vegetal nation. Thanks to these abundant resources, the Natufians decided to settle down and later on, began farming. This change from a omadic to a sedentary life had been make possible by previous institutional changes. rase though the sources argon still unknown, it has been proved that a hierarchy had been constituted 4 among the Natufians. Since their group had a leader, they were able to settle and keep on having institutional mutations that were needed to live in a sedentary way. The heavy fact intimately the Bushong and the Natufians is that even with a limited amount of institutional innovation, a genuine amount of economic prosperity can be r individuallyed. However this outgrowth is not very high merely muc h than cardinally, it is not sustainable.The fourth and break society studied by Acemoglu and Robinson is the Maya and their City-States that existed slightly a thousand days ago. The goal of the authors here is to show us that as Extractive Institutions rise, m any(prenominal) an(prenominal) people take power and be envied by others. This situation can lead to the heir of a leader by another but also to the end of a civilization, as it has been the cutting for the Maya. As the Natufians transitioned to Agriculture, so did the Maya. This agricultural emergence was do possible by the creation of Extractive Institutions.The Maya were in fact an exceedingly well hierarchically frame society. however since it was harbourled by extractive institutions, it meant that a few people would be exploiting a large number and these inequalities always make water way jealousy. The metropolis-states were very prosperous and trade was very important at the time, however, split of them would be at contend against one another. And when it wasnt the cities that were at war, it would be the elites of a city that would fight each(prenominal) other for power. This situation of elite warf ar was all the more the case when the king (kuhul ajaw) of a city would die.At approximately(a) blockage, in the city of Quirigua, when the last king died, the population simply remiss the city and the let it be invaded by the jungle. The main assign to be remembered from the Mayan example is that when it is not the economic situation that kills extractive institutions, it is its political system. Because such a model makes lots of people envious, self-destruction by citizens from the alike city or war amongst cities is ineluctable. We can consequently keep in mind that Extractive Institutions ar able to achieve more or less high and rapid growth.However, this growth is unsustainable and roughtimes very limited, in general because of a lack of creative destruction a nd technological progress. This is mainly due to the foeman opposed by the Elite and the regime that fear these changes. some other feature of extractive institutions is that great inequalities among people arise since the state extracts much of the created riches. Political instability is the last important aspect of these institutions as the position of elite is much envied by others. 5 Description of the Original Researches used By The AuthorsIn this imprimatur part, we go forth defend a look at the original papers that the authors used to write their book and discuss them. The first case of the chapter, the Soviet Model, is based on iii main books and on numbers and a quotation coming from 4 others. We shall here examine mainly the three principal writings used by the authors in their book. The first important paper is written by Joseph S. Berliner and is entitled â€Å"The Innovation Decision in Soviet Industry”. In this book, J. Berliner explains the dish out of innovation under the Soviet Model and how honorings closely it are being taken.He provides an explanation of how the frugality under the communistic brass works but above all, he focuses on the features that are being taken into account to decide the innovations that are to be implemented. What is to be unders in like mannerd as innovation in the Soviet junction is â€Å"whenever any enterprise introduces a product or process that has never been employed before”. As D. Acemoglu and J. A. Robinson point out in their book, the innovation system is more than inefficient. Indeed, the soviet saving is based on â€Å"the occupation of established products by mean of established processes” and thusly, innovation is not very conceivable.The second text is from Gregory and Harrison and deals with how the economy worked and how it was planned under Stalins dictatorship. Following the opening of the economic archives under Stalins era, it has been found that the sys tem was extremely centralized. Even if power was delegated, all the decision makers feared repression from their master in case of a bad choice. In the end, Stalin was make an incredible amount of decisions and everything was authorizationled from the very top, making the system inaccurate.We also learn that the communist control over the market, that should learn replaced the invisible hand in a market-friendly economy, was totally inefficient. The central planning as Acemoglu and Robinson mention wasnt able to introduce true incentives because the whole market was built on government ensure and this is not sustainable in the long term as we saw when the Soviet spousal relationship fell. The last document used is a inspection by Levy and Peart of all the theories that had been made active the Soviet economic growth and how everyone was more or less way too overconfident or so it.Like Samuelson (1948-1980), some Americans economists had predicted that the Soviet Unions econ omy was to overpass the United States one. Indeed, when we   6 take a look at the intake of the cardinal countries, their part of investment of the GNP and their growth at the time, we could appreciate that the US economy should have been overtaken by the Soviets in a few age. However, the Soviet GNP was at the beginning only 60% of Americas. More importantly, the Soviet investments were focused essentially on the military and the aeronautical sector. Therefore, the communist economy was not diversified at all, that is to advance, not sustainable.For the second part of the chapter, we will have a look over three of the texts used in the studied chapter. As we can read in an abstract of Vansinas try about the Kuba kingdom, it is impossible to know the exact reasons that led a man to unite the Kuba people under his leadership. But what is sure is that King Shyaam a-Mbul a Ngoong, Shyaam â€Å"the big(p)”, has left an incredible legacy to its people. By creating a poli tical, economical and social life, he simply allowed the Bushong people, one of the Kuba tribe, to have a prosperous and secured life compared to the other tribes.The reason why it is the Bushong and not the Lele, the Pende or another people that has benefited from these innovations is however unknown since there is no writing about it and the only memories that subsist are through oral histories. As Acemoglu and Robinson have written, Shyaam has revolutionized the culture of its people through the implementation of an agricultural cycle based on cultivating different crops in the function of the year. He also brought to its people a developed government built on justice, merit and loyalty.It is and then proved that the institutional innovations led to a great development of the Bushong over the years, even if it was limited because of the Belgian colonization at the end of the 19th century. The second paper is about â€Å"The Emergence of Agriculture” and how we know that agriculture was developed after(prenominal)wards settling and not before. In his paper, Bruce D. Smith explains that agriculture did not step up in one day but in more or less 2 000 years. Indeed, through archaeological researches, it has been proved that the plants cultivated 8 000 years ago were selected and had already been sorted.As we read in Acemoglu and Robinsons book, the Natufians had first selected the intelligent crops and had then cultivated them. But in order to select them, the Natufians had to be settled, which proves that agriculture came after settlement. And with the rise of agriculture came other sciences such as math, astronomy or engineering that allowed the farmers to establish a calendar or effective irrigation system. The third book, which also confirms Smiths work is entitled â€Å"Village on the Euphrates: From track down to Farming at Abu Hureyra”. In this book, the authors take the closure of Abu Hureyra as an example.This village was inhabit ed by Natufians from 11 500 B. C to 7 000 B. C and on the   7 archaeological site, scientists have found precedent evidence that agriculture came after sedentarisation. Indeed, in the part of the village dating from more than approximately 9 000 years ago, bones of local hunted animals such as Persian gazelles have been found along with crops of wild vegetations. On the contrary, in the part of the village that existed after 9 000 B. C, bones of domesticated animals and plants have been found. This confirms once more the fact that agriculture appeared after settlement.For the third and last part of the studied chapter, we will take a look at two of the books used. The first one, â€Å"Chronicle of the Maya King and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the quaint Maya”, is a great description of the complex hierarchy that ruled the Mayan empire for several centuries. The book explains the story of all the different dynasties that existed throughout the Mayan empire and ho w the cities made alliances in order to create kingdoms and then fought in the midst of each other in order to control the largest possible part of the Mayan empire.As we read in Acemoglu and Robinsons work, the wars amongst the Maya city-states played a big role in the collapse of its empire. In the second text, â€Å"The Fall of the old-fashioned Maya”, the reasons for the collapse of the Mayan empire are more deep studied. whizz of the trigger factors of it was the long-lasting droughts that would sometimes extend for several months and which would severely weaken the populations. Another reason is that the King, who also occupied the function of high non-Christian priest at the time, was responsible for all the sacrifices that were supposed to deal rain, full(a) harvest and prosperity to the city.But this wouldnt always work and as we read in the fifth chapter. In the city of Copan for example, the king was overthrown and later on, the city broken-down. One of th e reasons that Copans king wasnt able to provide enough forage for all its inhabitants is that the population was growing over time and the farming surface was diminishing. This made it impossible for all the people of Copan to be fed. This situation was not only observed in Copan but all over the Mayan empire. However, what seems to be the main reason for the Mayan collapse is the eonian warfare that would buy the farm between cities and even among them.It was believed, at the time, that the sacrifices that kings had to do to exact rain, food and richness, had to be from gallant blood. That means that cities were not only fighting against each other in order to enlarge their kingdoms but also to capture the elites from other cities and ransack them to take all the precious resources and offer them as sacrifices to the gods. Therefore, lots of cities would find themselves without any government and thereafter, the elites would fight against each other to take the throne and the cities would be abandoned in the end. 8Opposition to the Theories of Acemoglu and Robinson For this third part of the seminar paper, we will use reviews from several writers and recent-fangledspapers about â€Å" wherefore Nations Fail”. The first one is a review by Francis Fukuyama about the book but more precisely about the notions of extractive institutions and conversely, comprehensive institutions. In his article, Fukuyama explains why he disagrees with Acemoglu and Robinsons conjecture about the â€Å"more comprehensive, more growth” phenomenon. He criticizes the fact that Acemoglu and Robinson do not put on a precise definition of extractive and inclusive institutions.Since these two opposed government systems are not well defined, it allows the authors to give the benefit of growth to the inclusive institutions and on the contrary, to load the extractive institutions for the absence of growth. He puts forward the jargon line that nowadays, each govern ment is a mix of extractive and inclusive institutions and it is therefore extremely difficult to precisely attribute the wealth or the poorness of a country to one of the two types of politico-economic systems.He also disapproves of the fact that inclusive institutions are called so as soon as the people are able to have a role in the political life of the country, even if very limited. He takes England in the late 17th Century, as an example. He explains that it is absurd to call it an inclusive state since only 10% of the population could vote at the time. For him, an inclusive institution should be defined as such, if it is like a modern day democracy, among many other things.He regrets that the Potosi Mita of the Conquistadors America, the Caribbeans Sugar Plantation, the Argentinean’s Ranchers and todays Communist China are all put in the same category. As a counter argument against â€Å"more inclusive, more growth”, he takes the example of India today, which is considered as the biggest democratic republic in the field. The occupation in India, as Fukuyama writes, is that the inclusive institutions are too inclusive. The problem with it is that the government is unable to make any important decision about â€Å"major base projects because of all the lawsuits and the protests”.We therefore see that an excess of comprehension makes the inclusive state inaccurate, as is exactly the same case with an extractive institution. With the explanation of the romish imperium System, Fukuyama shows us an example of a stable politico-economic institution and his variability with â€Å" wherefore Nations Fail” 9 concerning extractive institutions. The changeover from an oligarchy to a monarchy brought a political stability to the Roman Empire that enabled it to be begin one of the biggest nations that ever existed. Furthermore, this change allowed the citizens to take part in political life.Even though the Roman Empire ultimately col lapsed, it was the wealthiest country in the world for more than two centuries. Fukuyama here is sceptical about the global model developed by Acemoglu and Robinson. He thus disagrees that Extractive Institutions are always a source of political and economical instability. In the end, we can say that even if Fukuyama disagrees with a original number of Acemoglu and Robinsons arguments, they all agree on the fact that the key to success, and therefore growth, is a mix of inclusive and extractive politics and economics.The second article that we shall study here is written by Matthew Yglesias. In his review, Yglesias asks himself why it is that some of the biggest rests of income exist between countries in the third world and developed countries. He wonders why citizens from Ethiopia earn ten times less than ones from Colombia where as at the same time, citizens from Colombia earn only four times less than ones from Sweden. According to Yglesias, a â€Å"wellexecuted programme of g rowth under extractive institutions would solve some of the worlds severe problems”.He explains, in a later article, that communism is the key to explaining differences of wealth in countries that are governed by extractive institutions. It is for him the reason why East Germany was much poorer than tungsten Germany, China than Taiwan or even mating Korea and South Korea. We can therefore say that Yglesias is not in disagreement with Acemoglu and Robinsons theories but judges that the comparisons should not occur between extractive and inclusive institutions but between extractive institutions themselves.The last article we will see is a review by The Economist about the book â€Å"Why Nations Fail” and the question of the elites. According to Buttonwood, Extractive Elites exist inside inclusive institutions. He says that the financial system is one of them. They are being criticized because they take a substantial amount of resources and therefore prevent these re sources being allocated to others sectors in which innovations could be made. As banks are the institutions that lend notes to entrepreneurs to create new businesses, they have the power of decision about the creation of start-ups, which is to say, new ideas and innovations.If banks would lend the property each time, they would be richy considered as inclusive institutions, however, this is not the case. The principal purpose of a bank is to be profitable   10 and make the most amount of coin possible. Therefore, they dont want to lend money each time and are seen in this way as extractive institutions as they will only give the money to concrete and profitable businesses. Another problem of the inclusive institutions is the social policies applied by some countries; employees from the public sector prefer keeping their secure jobs rather than creating or joining a new business.These employees do not only want to be sure to keep their jobs but also want to continue enjoying t he many advantages that civil servants are given. This, in a way, is a form of non-creative destruction, or at least, non-innovation. It is of course a perversity of the social back up created by governments of inclusive institutions. However, it is a form of resistance to creative destruction, which is a core feature of extractive institutions. The world Sector is therefore, along with the financial Sector, a miscellanea of extractive elite.However, the article in The Economist explains well that the blood of the Elite among inclusive institutions is limited and cannot be regarded as totally extractive. 11 Personal Point Of bring in For the last part of this review of the fifth chapter of â€Å"Why Nations Fail”, I will give my thoughts about the points that have been discussed previously in the essay and that are tackled in the chapter. With the first example that Acemoglu and Robinson develop in this chapter, they show us how the lack of innovation is a main feature o f Extractive Institutions failure.This lack of innovation is mainly due to the resistance of the Elite and a Government that fears being overthrown by the people, as they will be willing to keep the profits of their innovations. On this point, I totally agree with the argument, however, as we have seen with the Soviet Model, that for more than 30 years they have been able to extract the best of what was available. That is to say that without, or with only very few technological innovations, the Soviet Union has been able to maintain a 6% growth rate per year.This is somewhat incredible since America, at the same time, could not do better even though they were benefiting from technological change. I think that what is to be conditioned here is that in general, and even more in today’s world, we do not use what we have to its full capacity. By this I mean that as soon as we create a new tool or a new technology, we get rid of it before having used all of its facets. And the adv antage, maybe the only one, of a totalitarianism state is that it obliges the people to work with what they have and therefore, use their tools to the optimum. I dont want to be taken for an extremist here.I am not at all in choose of a totalitarian or an authoritarian system; I just think that the best of every system should be taken, as there is something broad(a) within each one. In this case, it is the optimum and full use of the present technologies before moving on to other things. As we see with the second example, a certain phase of institutional innovations may bring a certain stop of growth. With the institutional innovations come also economic, social and political improvements. I think that what is to be considered with King Shyaam is that with a certain degree of rigidity, growth is enabled.Therefore, I would say, pursual Yglesias point of view, that with a certain degree of extraction, when well executed, a certain amount of growth and achievements could be reache d. I think that even if in the long term, extractive institutions are not good and viable, it can be a good way to start or to re-launch an 12 economy. Even if this is very difficult to achieve, I think that having extractive institutions at the beginning and then moving on towards more inclusive ones force be very good for the economy of a nation.As Fukuyama describes with the Roman Empire, the System was distinctly extractive since the power was in the hands of the emperor. However, citizens had much more possibility to take part in the political life of their cites and they had true incentives to work since they could make their constituents, but above all, they could keep these fortunes. They would have to pay taxes but the notion of private property was real and if someone was hard hard to succeed, he could do so.The head was that the Roman Empire stood for more than 200 years and is considered as one of the biggest that has ever existed. A certain degree of political ext raction can therefore definitely be good for a nations growth. We can see, today, that the political parties are more often trying to destroy the other parties ideas than trying to cooperate with them and find the best compromises. It is here that a certain degree of extractive politics could be good and could help countries take big decisions more quickly.I would like to finish here with the case of China. Acemoglu and Robinson are convinced that China will inevitably collapse, just like the Soviet Union did. I think that this might not be the case for four reasons. My first point is the difference that exists between China and the former Soviet Union. On the other hqnd, we know much more about China than we knew about USSR. What I mean here is that we know that China has a considerable fortune and that they are not spending money that they dont have, which was the case with Soviet Union.There is a much stronger transparency with Chinas economy than there was with Stalins governmen t. My second argument is that the economical situation from today is not the same at all compared to that of the twentieth century. And we have seen that even with the global economic crisis that occurred in 2008, China has succeeded in maintaining a growth rate of more than 8% and an average growth of 10% over the past three decades, which is much more than USSR even though USSRs GDP was large than Chinas today.My third point is that China is opening its economy more and more; it is gradually moving towards an inclusive economy. China is for technological change and creative destruction. Since approximately a decade, China has opened itself to foreign investments and instill is now sometimes considered as the future â€Å" new York”. Even if this economical change is very limited and extremely controlled by the government (any foreign connection that wishes to establish itself in China must create a joint venture with a Chinese company),   13 changes are happening.We c annot therefore say that China is against creative destruction; it is just that it is an authoritarian country and changes cannot happen in one day. My last point is about the political power in China and the liberty of the people. It is, I believe, the only reason that might someday put an end to the Chinese regime. Even if the people who disagree with the Chinese government are very badly treated, they are still much more considerate than before thanks to the world(prenominal) relations that China maintains with other countries.That is to say, China cares more than before about how other countries view it. However, the Peoples republic of China is still extremely repressing its dissidents. The population in China is step by step, gaining some freedom even if they are still very oppressed by the regime. In the last few years, the situation with Chinese workers has evolved and their wages or functional conditions have considerably changed, especially after the self-annihilation wave that touched the country in 2010.In the end, I would conclude by saying that China, if it succeeds in following its transition little by little to a more inclusive economy and moreover to a more inclusive political system, even if not reaching the point of a democracy, might not collapse as lots of economists are predicting today.\r\n'

'Thorn Queen Chapter Fifteen\r'

'I s aliked thither for s invariablyal large seconds, staring at Shaya yet non sincerely visual perception her.\r\nâ€Å"Thank you,” I said at function, my voice unnaturally flat even to me.\r\nShe hesitated, eye worried. â€Å"Is there…is there everything I idler hold fast for you?”\r\nMore wine, I vox populi. But I shake my head. Wine suddenly didnt seem strong rich. I indispensablenessed to go home just thusce and raid my liquor cabinet, seeking solace in my own home and its freighter, not this godforsaken tenebrous Ages fortress. The wine was discharge to make transitioning playactween the worlds harder, though. It wasnt unsurmountable still would hardly be as unflustered as usual. zero(prenominal) it seemed I readiness be stuck here for a date.\r\nâ€Å"I posit to see Volusian,” I said.\r\nShe graduationped a spatial relation for me, and though I didnt ask for it, she followed me solicitou chanceful as I headed bulge bug fall outstairs, down to the keeps dungeon. It seemed darker and drearier than it had last time, exclusively maybe that was the wine. Jasmines cell was easy to spot because four guards s in any cased in the hall extinct ramp it. I reached it, and through with(predicate) the bars, I saw Volusian erecting in unrivaled corner, perfectly still, with his subsections crossed everyplace his chest. Jasmine sit as absolutely far from him as she could, her plaque equal parts fear and sullenness.\r\nâ€Å"What do you deficiency now?” she snapped. I didnt even look at her.\r\nâ€Å"Volusian,” I said. â€Å"I read an errand for you. Ill watch Jasmine magical spell youre g mavin.”\r\nVolusian walked forward, passing through the bars and coming to stand in seem of me. â€Å"No doubt my cocotte has a much urgent task.”\r\nâ€Å"Moderately. I want you to go hold up to Tucson and bring me the feeding store of tequila I keep in my liquor cabinet. And dont sc are Tim.”\r\nVolusian remained unruffled in that means of his. â€Å"My mistress grows increasingly creative in her ways to torment me.”\r\nâ€Å"I thought youd appreciate it.”\r\nâ€Å" yet when in so a good deal as it inspires me to equally creative means to schism you apart when I am able to dishonour free of these bonds and in conclusion destroy you.”\r\nâ€Å"You see? thithers a silver lining to everything. Now hurry up.”\r\nVolusian vanished. With him g star, Jasmine grew bolder. She move to the front of the cell, holding the bronze bars as best she could with her bound hands. â€Å"When are you waiver to allow me go?”\r\nI sat down against the halls wall, blow her. I peculiarityed if shed essay any of her stunted wizardly with me near. â€Å"When are you termination to stem asking?”\r\nâ€Å"Youre a real bitch, you tell apart that?”\r\nâ€Å"Look, infinitesimal misfire,” I growled. â€Å"You do not want to mess with me to night. Im not in a good mood.”\r\nJasmine was undeterred. â€Å"I nookiet believe youre care me in here with that…that thing! Thats just deplorable and sadistic.”\r\nâ€Å"Wow, sadistics variety of a big word. I didnt conceptualise youd dispel consonanted in school enormous enough to fancy that kind of vocabulary.”\r\nHer glower change. â€Å"When I get out, Im personnel casualty to fine-tune you.”\r\nâ€Å"Then you and ‘that thing should get along beautifully, seeing as he spends all his time plotting my gloomy death too.”\r\nShe nodded down to her bound hands. â€Å"I can scantily feed myself, you know.”\r\nâ€Å"Barely isnt the same as cant.” But I did sense of smell a lightentle bad round that. Was I really going to keep her in cuffs forever? Yet, how could I not? Maybe I should investigate that potion Rurik had told me intimately. No…that wasnt chasten each. I sighed, and spent the next half-hour auditory sense to her alternate in the midst of insults and whining. It was better than cerebrateing more or less Kiyo, though. each(prenominal) the while, I was sombreing up, so when Volusian finally appeared and handed me everywhere a full bottle of Jose Cuervo, I gave silent thanks that Id purchased an extra-large bottle.\r\nâ€Å"Thanks,” I said, emergent to my feet. I pointed to Jasmines cell. â€Å"Now- jeopardize to guard duty.”\r\nI glum nearly without a second glance, Jasmines cries of outrage echoing loafer me. Shaya, who had waited silently the whole time, venomous in step with me as I walked back upstairs.\r\nâ€Å"Are you true there isnt anything I can do for you?”\r\nI eyed the bottle. â€Å"See if you can find or so little glasses near this big.” I held my fingers out to the size of a shot glass. â€Å"And bring enough for…I dont know. You, Rurik…hell, any unrivaled who wants t o get d resultk with me. Even Ysabel.” I was feeling magnanimous tonight. Or, well, at least in a misery- manages-company mood.\r\nShayas face looked more troubled than ever, al matchless I paid it little concern as I walked outside to a small goernment note courtyard in the castles center. This seemed to be a mending in most gen extend holdings. Dorian had a couple. Id been told that this one had been green in Aesons time, filled with lilies and lilacs. Now, it was light-haired and gravelly, lined with cacti, mesquite, and even any(prenominal) of the thorn trees that had habituated the land its name. At least the mesquite angelic the air, and I decided one perk of the Otherworld was that those trees ever so seemed to be in bloom.\r\nI sat down cross-legged in the middle of the courtyard, noticing that close toone had started to circle stone tiles into it to create a kind of terrace area. It hadnt been there last time, and I wondered if it was Shayas doing, just i dentical the patches of grass she kept attempt to grow around here. not waiting for shot glasses, I uncapped the tequila and took a long swig, the strong liquor ruin my throat.\r\nShaya returned shortly, Rurik following. His face was uncharacteristically serious. After a shortened moment of exchanged looks, they joined me on the tile ground. Shaya set down some tiny cups make of engraved silver. Not quite shot glasses, only if they would do. I took the bottle and filled three of them up.\r\nâ€Å"To the willow tree pantywaist and her churl,” I said, holding my cup in the air. I downed it one gulp. â€Å"Damn. Wish I had some salt and lime.”\r\nShaya and Rurik exchanged glances once more-did they honestly think I didnt notice each time?-and therefore followed my lead with the tequila. Rurik took his down stoically, hardly Shaya choked on hers.\r\nâ€Å"What…what is this?” she asked, once she was able to speak.\r\nâ€Å"Gods favorite liquor. I shou ld give rescue had Volusian run to the grocery store and get some margarita mix while he was out.” I paused, express emotion at the thought. I poured some other shot. â€Å"Its made from a kind of cactus, you know.”\r\nShaya eyed the bottle askance. â€Å"Truly?”\r\nâ€Å"Yup. Huh. I wonder if we could manufacture this stuff. Ive seen agave around. I bet we could set up some serious vocation with it.”\r\nâ€Å"Im not so certain,” she said.\r\nRurik was move another(prenominal) glass. â€Å"I dont know. It mightiness appeal to some.”\r\nâ€Å"Ah, Rurik. I knew we were kindred spirits.” I held up my empty shot glass, studying the way the half-moons light shone on it. My head was regaining its agreeable buzz again. â€Å"Do you think Maiwenns going to render a boy or a girl?”\r\nâ€Å"I dont know,” said Shaya aft(prenominal) several moments of silence. â€Å"There are those who can magically determine such(prenomi nal) things. But I turn innt heard of the willow milksop doing that.”\r\nâ€Å"Probably not.” Kiyo would get down told me. Or would he arrive? Maybe he would form held on to that intelligence operation, care it as a special secret between him and Maiwenn. I poured another shot but didnt potable it yet. Shitfaced was one thing; sick was another. â€Å"Back in my world, they would have known its gender a long time ago. They also would have been able to order all sorts of things-its size, if it had any diseases, even if it was twins or triplets. Theres this machine weve got. You run a paddle over the shines patronize, and then you can see the botch up on this screen. Or, some generation, even previous, they can take a needle and suck up amniotic nomadic to find out the same things.”\r\nRurik and Shaya were staring at me wide-eyed. It was a common expression amongst Otherworldly denizens whenever I began talking closely human technology.\r\nâ€Å"I w onder sometimes if theres any mystery or wonder left in your world at all.”\r\nI glanced over and saw Ysabels form silhouetted in the inlet to the castle.\r\nâ€Å"Oh, sure. Plenty of it.” I gestured her over. â€Å"Come have a drink. Im pretty sure Im too drunk to kill anyone tonight.”\r\nYsabel hesitated a few seconds and then slowly walked over, seated near Rurik and Shaya, as far from me as she could respectfully go. She grimaced slightly at the tiles as she tucked her flowing silk skirts underneath her. No doubt being on the ground went against her fastidious nature. Rurik cheerfully handed her a tequila shot. She sniffed it, and her scowl returned.\r\nMy mind was still on babies. â€Å"Seems similar ultrasounds would be useful to you guys. I mean, what with the trouble you have having kids.”\r\nThere was a good feel, I knew, that Maiwenn might not even survive the delivery. Or that her child wouldnt. It was common among the gentry, sort of the c ost for their long and heavy lives. I didnt know how I felt about that. I didnt wish death on either of them…and yet, how overmuch simpler would things be if there was no Maiwenn and no baby? Even now, I could picture Kiyo by her side, holding her hand. His handsome face would be lined with lodge in as he spoke address of encouragement. Surely, with his human blood, their baby would be healthy and strong. And Maiwenn was a healer…. would that be useful to herself? Maybe. Everything would go well, I was certain, and theyd undoubtedly have a beautiful baby, one that would create a bond between them forever, a bond I could never be a part of….\r\nI drank my next shot and detect that Ysabel had manfully downed hers. â€Å"Nice work,” I said. â€Å"You want another?”\r\nShe agitate her head. â€Å"I dont consider it ladylike to hand out over oneself in excess, losing hold of inhibitions and all sense of decorum.”\r\nâ€Å"Of pattern you do nt,” I said.\r\nâ€Å"I believe,” she added primly, â€Å"that the Willow Queen shares my views.”\r\nI smiled, spinning my cup on the ground, watching in fascination as it turned in small and smaller circles ahead coming to a stop. With Maiwenns baby consuming my thoughts, Ysabels baiting seemed insignificant tonight.\r\nWe proceed on for a while, Rurik charge up with me in shots, with Shaya only occasionally indulging. Ysabel seemed to have lost her fear of me and continued her running commentary of bar nates remarks. I think knowing I was in a weak state over Maiwenns labor had emboldened her. In fact, she was in the middle of some anecdote about how Kiyo and Maiwenn had first gotten involved when her words came to a halt, and her features lit up with surprise.\r\nâ€Å"My lord!” she cried, springing up just as one of my servants began announcing, â€Å"His royal majesty, King Dorian, of the House of Arkady, fellowship of earth-â€Å"\r\nDorian s trode forward into the courtyard without waiting for his titles to finish. Ysabel fell to her knees before him, face radiant. â€Å"My lord!”\r\nHe gave her a brief nod of acknowledgment and then brush on past her toward me. I dont think anyone and me saw the devastation that filled her face over the slight. Shaya and Rurik began to rise out of courtesy, but Dorian quickly motioned them down. Unfastening his cloak-it appeared to be navy in the moonlight-he spread it on the ground and sat beside me.\r\nâ€Å"Well, well, a party, and no one invited me.”\r\nâ€Å"It was kind of impromptu,” I said, reaching over to pour him a shot. My hand trembled as I held the bottle.\r\nDorian took it from me and finished pouring. He eyed me carefully. â€Å"And yet, it appears to have been going on for some time.”\r\nâ€Å"Yes. Were toasting the birth of the next king or queen of the Willow Land.”\r\nâ€Å"So Ive heard, which is why I came to see how the news wa s received here.” Dorian tossed back the tequila. His eyebrows rose in surprise at the taste, but it didnt stop him from pouring another. â€Å"And dont presume her child will inherit. It all depends on strength and power.”\r\nHis words reminded me distantly of Leiths own inheritance problems, which then reminded me of Leiths declaration of love. Ugh. Id probably killed our one chance at engineering process. Well, that was a concern for another day. â€Å"Howd you get here so fast?” I asked Dorian.\r\nâ€Å"Not that fast. I heard hours ago.”\r\nHours ago. Dorian had name out before I had. Probably everyone had. Who was I, after all? Certainly no one who was machine-accessible to this birth. I was just another monarch whod be expected to send jewels or tapestries when the baby was born. I poured another shot, but Shaya reached for it.\r\nâ€Å"May I have another?” She wasnt a fan of this stuff, but I had a feeling she valued to stop me from booz ing any more. Oh, well. There appeared to be about one more shot in the bottle-though Dorian stick by me to that one too.\r\nâ€Å"Youll make yourself sick,” I warned, reaching for the bottle. Only a few drops poured into my cup.\r\nâ€Å"Ill take my chances. This is a charming substance.”\r\nâ€Å"It gains from cacti,” I said helpfully, hoping it might deter him from that last shot. It didnt.\r\nâ€Å"Intriguing,” he said after downing it. â€Å"You should try producing it here. Im certain a number of people would deal out for it.”\r\nI couldnt be certain in the near-darkness, but it looked like Shaya rolled her eyes.\r\nPart of me resented Dorians presence, though I had to admit that he did a good prank in keeping the subject by from Maiwenn and Kiyo. That didnt stop me from thinking about them, of course, but I couldnt help but smile as he diverted the others. Whether it was part of being a king or just something inherently Dorian, he had a fibrous charisma about him that could make everyone laugh and stay captivated. With my social reticence, his were skills I admired-and occasionally envied.\r\nAs the night wore on, though, I could feel the tequilas effects lessening a little. That wasnt to say I still wasnt drunk as hell; Id taken down half that bottle myself. But, I cute to go to bed while I was still in that delirious haze. It didnt stop me from feeling down over Kiyo, but I had to imagine being sober would be worse.\r\nEveryone stood up when I did, and I felt my legs struggle for balance. â€Å"let me assist you,” said Shaya, reaching toward me. Dorian intervened before she could help.\r\nâ€Å"No, no. Allow me to guide the Thorn Queen to her room. Id like a few words.” Ysabels face darkened at this, and he gave her a chastising look. â€Å"Oh, stop it. Ill come to you shortly-provided Eugenie will allow me to stay overnight in her castle.”\r\nâ€Å"Sure, sure,” I said. â€Å" Come on over. Make yourself at home. Pick out curtains.”\r\nHe extended his arm to me, and I decided the indignity of letting Dorian guide me was less than that of me falling over in front of my servants. Ysabels eyes followed us furiously, and I couldnt blame her. If my young buck were taking a drunk woman to her bedroom, Id be pissed too.\r\nâ€Å"It was very high-handed of you to think I needed your moral sustainment,” I told him once we were out of earshot of the others.\r\nâ€Å"Right. You only need the moral support of a bottle,” he teased. â€Å"Be honest, Eugenie. Your lovers at the side of a former lover, eagerly awaiting the birth of their child. Id be distressed as well.”\r\nâ€Å"Nothing distresses you,” I grumbled. We reached my room, and he followed me in without invitation.\r\nâ€Å"Plenty of things do,” he said. He frowned, ever so slightly, and it conkred to me he was none too sober himself.\r\nI let go of his arm and walk ed over to the full-length mirror that stood on one side of the room, edged in gold. Id pinned up my hair earlier and let it down now, wondering if I wanted to flap with sending Nia for a nightgown or if Id just sleep in my clothes. Standing there, I stared at my body, thinking again of my mothers claims that I was too skinny. I ever argued it was an athletic build. Running my hands over the sides of my stomach and down to my hips, I analyze my figure. Whatever you wanted to call it, it was slim.\r\nâ€Å"I can never do that for him,” I said in a small voice. â€Å"I can never give him a baby like she can.”\r\nDorian strolled over and stood tail end me, meeting my eyes in the mirror. â€Å"Do you want to?”\r\nâ€Å"I dont know. Kids were never on my radar…it was always a ‘maybe someday kind of thing. But now…knowing I cant…” My hips and stomach suddenly seemed as unhealthily skinny as my mother had always said. They would remain untouched and infertile, never choice out with the kind of life Maiwenns had. I would never share that with Kiyo.\r\nI flinched as Dorian reached from behind and placed his hands on the narrowest part of my waist. He slackeninged his head on my shoulder, and I was too weary to shoo him away.\r\nâ€Å"You speak like psyche whos been condemned with infertility or like youve passed your prime.”\r\nâ€Å"I might as well be.”\r\nâ€Å"Thats not true. Youre young. You radiate health and fertility. You could have a dozen children.”\r\nI shook my head slowly. â€Å"I cant,” I said sadly. â€Å"I wont. You know I wont, no matter how much you and every other Otherworldly creature want me to.”\r\nâ€Å"Maybe youd have a daughter.”\r\nâ€Å"I cant take the risk.” I knew Id never be confiding in him sober. â€Å"And what if Kiyo decides he doesnt want that-to be with someone whos always going to be childless? What if he wants more kids? Maybe this baby…Maybe hell go back to Maiwenn. Maybe…maybe hell leave me….” I could feel tears forming in my eyes and hated myself for the weakness.\r\nDorian tightened his grip on my waist. â€Å"Hed be a fool. And youd be a fool to mourn him if he did. Youre more than a childbearing vessel.”\r\nâ€Å"Not the way everyone talks. Not the way you talk.”\r\nTo my shock, Dorian spun me around. Still gripping me, he pressed his forehead to mine so that only an inch was between us. I could smell the tequila on his breath, no doubt mirroring my own.\r\nâ€Å"Eugenie, youre a woman without equal, and no matter how much you annoy the hell out of me and no matter how much I try to get you out of my head-and believe me, both occur regularly-I cant stay away from you. Even if you were barren, Id take you as my consort in an instant and spend the rest of my life with you-childless, so long as it meant youd be by my side. I would gladly bring you to my bed with no other thoughts than taking joy from your body. It would be enough.”\r\nI swallowed. â€Å"But youre with…I mean, what about…what about Ysabel? She can have kids….”\r\nâ€Å"Ysabel,” he said dismissively, â€Å"is nothing. A pale imitation of you-and not even a good one at that.”\r\nThat was harsh of him, but it filled me with something warm and loved and special. I accomplished then that no matter the bantering, sexual tension, and legion(predicate) schemes, Dorian really was my friend. I also realized that I wanted so badly then for him to kiss me, to crush his body against mine and run his hands along my bare skin. I wanted to have sex with him against the wall, on the bed, on the home…it honestly didnt matter, so long as our bodies were joined, and I could feel him in me….\r\nWhoa. I jerked away, my heart racing, barely stopping myself from doing something Id regret. Deciding he was my friend was one thing; jumping i nto bed was another. I knew it was the tequila and my worry over Kiyo causing this. I didnt want to be with Dorian again; I couldnt be. Even if he claimed it would be for love and pleasure, I knew it could never be that simple. There would always be politics and schemes….\r\nAnd so, I did the most unsexy thing I could. I summoned Volusian.\r\nThe icy, dark presence of my minion caught even Dorian by surprise, and he took a step back. It was the Otherworldly analogous of a cold shower. Volusians eyes flicked to him and then turned back to me.\r\nâ€Å"My mistress requires more intoxication,” he said.\r\nâ€Å"No.” My magical hold on him trembled ever so slightly. It was nowhere near enough for me to lose control, but the alcohol messed with my power a bit. â€Å"I wanted you to go to the Willow Land and see if theres any news.”\r\nâ€Å"More romantic errands.”\r\nâ€Å"Just go,” I snapped, trying to sound as harsh and commanding as I could.\r \nAs soon as Volusian was gone, Dorian strode angrily to me, all traces of sensuality gone. â€Å"That was stupid, Eugenie. You shouldnt have summoned him after drinking so much.”\r\nI turned away from him. â€Å"I need to find out whats going on.”\r\nâ€Å"You need to banish him. Youre going to regret keeping him someday.”\r\nâ€Å"Hes useful,” I protested. â€Å"I dont need any lectures. You should go to Ysabel now. I dont need any more declarations of love immediately.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh?” His light tone returned. â€Å"Had a few of those today?”\r\nâ€Å"Leith,” I admitted. â€Å"He came by tonight to protest his undying devotion and see if he had a chance with me.”\r\nDorians green eyes watched me carefully. â€Å"And?”\r\nâ€Å"And, of course not. I had to tell him no a few times before he finally got it.”\r\nDorian didnt bother hiding his satisfaction. â€Å"Youve broken the poor boys heart. And his mot hers, no doubt. Therell be no ball now. Would you like me to throw one instead?”\r\nâ€Å"No.” My sadness was turning into irritability. â€Å"I want you to leave. Go to Ysabel and paint her or pass her up or whatever it is you do together. Im tire and want to go to bed. Alone.”\r\nTo my surprise, Dorian didnt protest. Much. â€Å"As you wish. If you need me, you know where Ill be.”\r\nâ€Å"It would take a lot for me to lop off you,” I said dryly.\r\nDorian gave me one of his knowing, sly smiles and then left without another word. The thought of him going to Ysabels bed troubled me more than I would have liked. Hed barely been gone a few legal proceeding when Volusian returned.\r\nâ€Å"Well?” I asked. My stomach was queasy. I didnt know what I wanted to hear.\r\nIf it was in Volusians nature to smile, I swear, he would have. â€Å"The servants of the Willow Land report joyfully that their queen has given birth to a daughter. All are h ealthy and well.”\r\nMy body went perfect still, and for a moment, I saw nothing in the room except those glowing red eyes. Finally, I snapped back to myself. â€Å"Thank you, Volusian.”\r\nâ€Å"Does my mistress require me to learn anything else about this joyous occasion?” There was a fling in his voice.\r\nâ€Å"No. Go back to Jasmine. Now.”\r\nHe obeyed, leaving me alone. I sat on the bed for several minutes, thinking of everything and nothing. I felt numb. I felt every emotion in the world. And when I suddenly ripped the air from the room and used it to sweetheart a vase against the wall, I couldnt say if it was because of Dorian or Kiyo.\r\n'